Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 4: Adjective (विशेषण) Complete Notes

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Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार)

📘 Chapter 4: Adjective (विशेषण)

Complete Notes

🔹 Definition (परिभाषा):

An Adjective is a word that describes or qualifies a noun or pronoun. Adjective वह शब्द होता है जो किसी noun या pronoun की विशेषता (quality), मात्रा (quantity), संख्या (number), या स्थिति (position) को बताता है।

🧠 Trick:

Adjective = Adds quality to a noun
Noun की खूबी बताने वाला शब्द → Adjective

📌 Examples:

• Ram is a smart boy.
• She has two dogs.
• I have some money.

🔹 Examples in Table:

Noun	Adjective	Sentence
Boy	clever	He is a clever boy.
Apple	red	I ate a red apple.
Car	expensive	This is an expensive car.
Girl	tall	The tall girl is my sister.
Money	little	I have little money.

🔹 Types of Adjectives (विशेषण के प्रकार):

1. Adjective of Quality (गुणवाचक विशेषण)

Shows the nature, color, shape, or quality of a noun. किसी वस्तु का गुण, रंग, आकृति, या प्रकार बताता है।
📌 Examples:

• Beautiful, Tall, Honest, Red, Round
• He is an honest man.

2. Adjective of Quantity (परिमाणवाचक विशेषण)

Shows the amount of something (uncountable nouns)। जो वस्तु की मात्रा बताता है, गिनी नहीं जा सकती।
📌 Examples:

• Some, Much, Little, Enough
• I have some sugar.

3. Adjective of Number (संख्यावाचक विशेषण)

Shows the number or order of something (countable nouns)। जो किसी वस्तु की संख्या या क्रम बताता है।
📌 Examples:

• One, Two, First, Second, Many, Several
• He has three brothers.
• She stood first in class.

4. Demonstrative Adjective (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)

Points out which person or thing is meant. किस व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत किया गया है।
📌 Examples:

• This, That, These, Those
• This book is mine.

5. Interrogative Adjective (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण)

Used with a noun to ask a question. प्रश्न पूछने के लिए noun के साथ प्रयोग होता है।
📌 Examples:

• What, Which, Whose
• Which pen is yours?

6. Possessive Adjective (स्वत्ववाचक विशेषण)

Shows ownership or relation. स्वामित्व या संबंध दर्शाता है।
📌 Examples:

• My, Your, His, Her, Our, Their
• This is my house.

🔹 Comparison of Adjectives (तुलना के रूप):

Adjectives have three degrees of comparison:

Degree	Use	Example
Positive	सामान्य गुण दर्शाना	Ram is tall.
Comparative	दो के बीच तुलना करना	Ram is taller than Shyam.
Superlative	तीन या अधिक में सबसे श्रेष्ठ बताना	Ram is the tallest boy.

📌 Examples:

• Big → Bigger → Biggest
• Good → Better → Best
• Beautiful → More beautiful → Most beautiful

🔹 Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम):

1. Adjective always describes a noun/pronoun.
• 👉 Smart boy, Red apple
2. Demonstrative adjectives are always followed by a noun.
• 👉 This book, Those boys
3. Adjectives do not change form for gender or number.
• 👉 He is a good boy. / They are good boys.

🔹 Commonly Used Adjectives with Hindi Meaning:

Adjective	Hindi Meaning
Honest	ईमानदार
Beautiful	सुंदर
Large	बड़ा
Heavy	भारी
Bright	उज्ज्वल
Strong	मज़बूत
Lazy	आलसी
Clever	चालाक
Poor	गरीब
Rich	अमीर

🔹 Practice Sentences (प्रैक्टिस वाक्य):

1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. I have many friends.
3. He bought two pens.
4. Which color do you like?
5. This is my school.

🔹 Exercise / Quiz (अभ्यास):

• 👉 Identify the type of adjective:
1. That boy is brave.
2. I ate some rice.
3. She has five cats.
4. Whose bag is this?
5. He is the best player.
• ✍️ Answers:
1. Demonstrative
2. Adjective of Quantity
3. Adjective of Number
4. Interrogative
5. Superlative Degree

📌 Summary (सारांश):

• Adjective = noun/pronoun की विशेषता बताता है।
• 6 प्रकार के adjectives होते हैं।
• 3 degrees होते हैं: Positive, Comparative, Superlative
• ये gender और number के अनुसार नहीं बदलते।

Next Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 5: Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण) Complete Notes⇒