Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 3: Verb (क्रिया) Complete Notes

⇐Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 2: Pronoun (सर्वनाम) Complete Notes

Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार)

📘 Chapter 3: Verb (क्रिया)

Complete Notes

🔹 Definition (परिभाषा):

A Verb is a word that expresses action, state, or possession. Verb वह शब्द होता है जो किसी कार्य, अवस्था या अधिकार (स्वामित्व) को दर्शाता है।

🧠 Trick: Verb = Action (काम)
👉 Verb = Do, Be, Have से related होता है।

📌 Examples:

• Ram runs fast. (Action)
• She is happy. (State)
• I have a car. (Possession)

🔹 Types of Verbs (क्रियाओं के प्रकार):

1. Main Verb / Action Verb (मुख्य क्रिया / कार्य दर्शाने वाली क्रिया)
Shows the actual action. जो मुख्य कार्य को दर्शाती है।

• 📌 Examples:
1. Eat (खाना),
2. Play (खेलना),
3. Read (पढ़ना),
4. Go (जाना)
• 🧾 Sentence:
1. I read a book.
2. She drinks milk.

2. Helping Verb / Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया)

Helps the main verb to form tense, voice, etc. Main verb की मदद करती है।

• 📌 Examples:
• Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Has, Have, Had, Do, Does, Did, Will, Shall
• 🧾 Sentence:
1. She is reading.
2. I have finished my work.

3. Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया)

Needs an object to complete the sense. जिस क्रिया में object ज़रूरी होता है।
📌 Example:
She writes a letter. (What does she write? → a letter) ✅ Needs object

4. Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया)
Does not need an object. जिस क्रिया में object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती।
📌 Example:
He sleeps peacefully. ✅ No object needed

5. Linking Verb (संपर्क क्रिया)
Joins subject with its complement. Subject को उसके विवरण से जोड़ती है।
📌 Examples:

• Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Become, Seem
• She is a doctor.

6. Modal Verb (मोडल क्रिया)
Shows mood, possibility, necessity, etc. संभावना, अनिवार्यता या अनुमति दर्शाती है।

• 📌 Examples:
• Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must
• 🧾 Sentence:
1. You should work hard.
2. May I come in?

🔹 Verb Forms (क्रिया के रूप):

Verbs usually have five forms:

V1 (Base)	V2 (Past)	V3 (Past Participle)	V+ing (Present Participle)	V+s/es (Singular Form)
go	went	gone	going	goes
write	wrote	written	writing	writes

🧾 Example Sentence:

• I go to school daily.
• Yesterday I went to school.
• He has gone already.
• She is going now.
• He goes by bus.

🔹 Tense Connection (काल और क्रिया):

Verb changes according to tense. क्रिया काल के अनुसार बदलती है।

Tense	Verb Example
Present Simple	I play
Past Simple	I played
Present Perfect	I have played
Future Continuous	I will be playing

🔹 Common Verb List (Daily Use Verbs):

Verb	Hindi Meaning
Eat	खाना
Drink	पीना
Go	जाना
Come	आना
Read	पढ़ना
Write	लिखना
See	देखना
Speak	बोलना
Sleep	सोना

🔹 Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम):

1. Singular subject + Verb में s/es लगता है:
• He writes, She goes
2. Verb की form tense के अनुसार बदलती है:
• Present → go
• Past → went
• Perfect → gone
3. Helping verbs + Main verb (V3 or V+ing) structure बनाते हैं:
• is writing, has gone, was watching

🔹 Practice Sentences (प्रैक्टिस वाक्य):

1. He reads a book every day.
2. They played cricket yesterday.
3. She is singing a song.
4. I have eaten lunch.
5. He will go to market.

🔹 Quiz / Exercise (अभ्यास):

• 👉 Identify the verb and its type:
1. She is watching TV.
2. Ram wrote a letter.
3. They play football.
4. The baby is crying.
5. You must obey rules.
• ✍️ Answers:
1. is (helping), watching (main)
2. wrote – transitive verb
3. play – intransitive verb
4. is (helping), crying (main)
5. must (modal), obey (main)

Next Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 4: Adjective (विशेषण) Complete Notes⇒