Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 5: Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण) Complete Notes

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Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार)

📘 Chapter 5: Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)

Complete Notes

🔹 Definition (परिभाषा):

An Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Adverb वह शब्द होता है जो किसी क्रिया (Verb), विशेषण (Adjective), या दूसरे क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) की विशेषता बताता है।

🧠 Trick:
Verb को modify करने वाला → Adverb
(कब? कैसे? कहाँ? कितनी बार? कितनी मात्रा में?) का जवाब देने वाला शब्द

📌 Examples:

• She speaks fluently. (कैसे?)
• He came yesterday. (कब?)
• The child is very smart. (कितना?)

🔹 Adverb Answers These Questions (ये प्रश्नों के उत्तर देता है):

1. How? (कैसे?) – He runs quickly.
2. When? (कब?) – She arrived late.
3. Where? (कहाँ?) – He is standing outside.
4. How much / To what extent? (कितना?) – She is very tall.
5. How often? (कितनी बार?) – I always eat on time.

🔹 Types of Adverbs (क्रिया विशेषण के प्रकार):

1.  Adverb of Manner (रिति या प्रकार दर्शाने वाला): बताता है कि क्रिया कैसे हुई।
• 📌 Examples:
• Slowly (धीरे), Quickly (तेज़ी से), Well (अच्छे से), Loudly (ज़ोर से)
• 🧾 She sings beautifully.
2. Adverb of Time (समय बताने वाला): बताता है कि क्रिया कब हुई।
• 📌 Examples:
• Now, Then, Today, Tomorrow, Yesterday
• 🧾 He came yesterday.
3. Adverb of Place (स्थान बताने वाला): बताता है कि क्रिया कहाँ हुई।
• 📌 Examples:
• Here, There, Outside, Inside, Everywhere
• 🧾 They are sitting outside.
4. Adverb of Frequency (आवृत्ति / कितनी बार): बताता है कि क्रिया कितनी बार होती है।
• 📌 Examples:
• Always, Often, Never, Sometimes, Rarely
• 🧾 I always brush my teeth.
5. Adverb of Degree or Quantity (मात्रा या सीमा बताने वाला): बताता है कि कितना, या किसी विशेषण/क्रिया/Adverb की तीव्रता।
• 📌 Examples:
• Very, Quite, Too, Enough, Almost, Just
• 🧾 She is very intelligent.
6. Interrogative Adverb (प्रश्नवाचक क्रिया विशेषण): प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग होता है।
• 📌 Examples:
• When, Where, Why, How
• 🧾 Why are you late?
7. Relative Adverb (संबंधवाचक): एक वाक्य को दूसरे से जोड़ने के लिए प्रयोग होता है।
• 📌 Examples:
• When, Where, Why
• 🧾 I remember the day when we met.

🔹 Formation of Adverbs (Adverb बनाना):

कई Adverbs को Adjective में -ly जोड़कर बनाया जाता है:

Adjective	Adverb
Quick	Quickly
Slow	Slowly
Beautiful	Beautifully
Happy	Happily

• Note: कुछ अपवाद हैं:
1. Good → Well (✔️)
2. Fast → Fast (No change ❌)

🔹 Adverb vs Adjective Confusion:

Word	Use As Adjective	Use As Adverb
Fast	He is a fast runner.	He runs fast.
Hard	It’s a hard task.	He works hard.
Late	The late bus arrived.	The bus arrived late.

🔹 Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम):

1. Adverb verb को modify करता है:
• She dances gracefully.
2. Adverb adjective को modify कर सकता है:
• He is very smart.
3. Adverb दूसरे adverb को भी modify कर सकता है:
• She speaks very fluently.
4. Adverb का स्थान –
• क्रिया के पहले या बाद में (Verb के प्रकार पर निर्भर करता है)

🔹 Common Adverbs with Hindi Meaning:

Adverb	Hindi Meaning
Slowly	धीरे
Quickly	जल्दी
Always	हमेशा
Never	कभी नहीं
Here	यहाँ
There	वहाँ
Now	अभी
Very	बहुत

🔹 Practice Sentences (प्रैक्टिस वाक्य):

1. He runs fast.
2. She is very beautiful.
3. I often go to the park.
4. They are playing outside.
5. When will you come?

🔹 Exercise / Quiz (अभ्यास):

• 👉 Identify the adverb and its type:
1. She dances gracefully.
2. He is quite happy.
3. We met yesterday.
4. He never lies.
5. Where are you going?
• ✍️ Answers:
1. Gracefully – Manner
2. Quite – Degree
3. Yesterday – Time
4. Never – Frequency
5. Where – Interrogative

📌 Summary (सारांश):

1. Adverb modifies verb, adjective, or adverb
2. 6+ main types होते हैं
3. अधिकतर adjectives में -ly जोड़कर बनते हैं
4. यह सवालों के उत्तर देते हैं – कैसे? कब? कहाँ? कितनी बार? कितना?

Next Part of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 6: Preposition (संबंध सूचक अव्यय) Complete Notes⇒