Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 2: Pronoun (सर्वनाम) Complete Notes

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Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार)
📘 Chapter 2: Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
Complete Notes

🔹 Definition (परिभाषा):

A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. Pronoun वह शब्द होता है जो noun (संज्ञा) के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाता है, ताकि बार-बार नाम न दोहराना पड़े।


🧠 Trick: Pronoun = Pro (for) + Noun 

उदाहरण: Ram is a boy. He is very smart. (यहाँ “He” → Ram के स्थान पर प्रयोग हुआ है।)

🔹 Examples (उदाहरण):

Noun	Pronoun
Ram	He
Sita	She
Children	They
Book	It
Meena and I	We

🔹 Types of Pronouns (सर्वनाम के प्रकार):

1. Personal Pronoun (पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम)

Used for persons or things. व्यक्ति या वस्तु के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	I, Me	We, Us
2nd	You	You
3rd	He, She, It, Him, Her	They, Them

📌 Example:

• I am a student.
• She is my sister.
• They are playing.

2. Possessive Pronoun (स्वत्ववाचक सर्वनाम)

Shows ownership or possession (स्वामित्व)। किसी चीज़ पर अधिकार को दर्शाता है।

• 📌 Examples:
• Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs
• This book is mine.
• That pen is hers.
• 🔸 Difference (भेद):
• This is my book. (Possessive adjective)
• This book is mine. (Possessive pronoun)

3. Reflexive Pronoun (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)

When the subject and object are the same. जब subject और object एक ही हों।

• 📌 Words:
• Myself,
• Yourself,
• Himself,
• Herself,
• Itself,
• Ourselves,
• Yourselves,
• Themselves
• 📌 Example:
• I hurt myself.
• She cooked food herself.

4. Demonstrative Pronoun (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)

Used to point out specific things. किसी वस्तु की ओर संकेत करना।

📌 Examples:

• This, That, These, Those
• This is my car.
• Those are mangoes.

5. Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)

Used to ask questions. प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयुक्त सर्वनाम।

📌 Examples:

• Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which
• Who is your teacher?
• Which is your pen?

6. Relative Pronoun (सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम)

Used to relate one part of sentence to another. वह शब्द जो दो वाक्यों को जोड़ता है।

📌 Examples:

• Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That
• The boy who came here is my friend.
• This is the pen that I bought.

7. Indefinite Pronoun (अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम)

Refers to persons or things in a general way. जो किसी विशेष व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत न करें।

📌 Examples:

• Someone, Anyone, Everybody, Nothing, Few, Many
• Someone is knocking at the door.
• Nobody was there.

🔹 Pronoun Chart (Saral रूप में):

Type	Examples	Hindi Meaning
Personal	I, You, He, She, They	मैं, तुम, वह, वे
Possessive	Mine, Yours, Ours	मेरा, तुम्हारा, हमारा
Reflexive	Myself, Himself	स्वयं, खुद
Demonstrative	This, That	यह, वह
Interrogative	Who, What	कौन, क्या
Relative	Who, That	जो, जिसे
Indefinite	Someone, None, Few	कोई, कोई नहीं, कुछ लोग

🔹 Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम):

1. Subject और Object pronoun में फर्क समझें:
• I (subject) vs. Me (object)
• He (subject) vs. Him (object)
2. Reflexive Pronouns का प्रयोग तभी करें जब Subject और Object एक ही हों।
3. Each, Either, Neither → Singular होते हैं।
4. Pronouns must agree with noun in number and gender.
• Example: Ram is a boy. He is smart. (Not: She)

🔹 Practice Sentences (प्रैक्टिस वाक्य):

1. I love my family. (Personal)
2. This pen is mine. (Possessive)
3. He cut himself. (Reflexive)
4. Who is knocking at the door? (Interrogative)
5. I saw a man who was dancing. (Relative)
6. Someone is waiting for you. (Indefinite)

🔹 Quiz / Exercise (अभ्यास):

• 👉 Identify the type of pronoun:
1. They are my friends.
2. Whose is this pen?
3. I myself cleaned the room.
4. This is my book.
5. Everyone was silent.
• ✍️ Answers:
1. Personal
2. Interrogative
3. Reflexive
4. Demonstrative
5. Indefinite

Next Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 3: Verb (क्रिया) Complete Notes⇒