Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 1: Noun (संज्ञा) Complete Notes

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Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार)
📘 Chapter 1: Noun (संज्ञा)
Complete Notes

🔹 Definition (परिभाषा):

Noun is the name of a person, place, thing, idea, or feeling. Noun वह शब्द होता है जो किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु, विचार या भावना का नाम बताता है।

🧠 Trick: Noun = Name
जैसे: Ram, Delhi, Book, Honesty, Love

🔹 Examples (उदाहरण):

Noun	Meaning in Hindi
Ram	राम (व्यक्ति)
India	भारत (स्थान)
Pen	पेन (वस्तु)
Honesty	ईमानदारी (गुण)
Anger	गुस्सा (भावना)

🔹 Types of Noun (संज्ञा के प्रकार):

1. Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा):

It refers to a specific name of a person, place, or thing.
किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु का नाम Proper Noun होता है।

📌 Example:

• Sachin is a good player.
• Delhi is the capital of India.
• (Sachin, Delhi, India → Proper Nouns)

2. Common Noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा):

It refers to a general name of a person or thing of the same kind.
एक ही प्रकार के व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान का सामान्य नाम।

📌 Example:

• Boy, City, Teacher, Dog
• Ram is a boy. (Boy = Common noun, Ram = Proper noun)

3. Collective Noun (समूहवाचक संज्ञा):

It is the name of a group or collection. व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के समूह का नाम।

📌 Example:

• Team, Army, Class, Flock
• An army of soldiers (Army = Collective noun)

4. Abstract Noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा):

It refers to an idea, quality, or state that cannot be seen or touched. जो दिखाई या छुई नहीं जा सकती – भावना, गुण या अवस्था।

📌 Example:

• Honesty, Bravery, Happiness, Wisdom
• Honesty is the best policy.

5. Material Noun (पदार्थवाचक संज्ञा):

It is the name of material or substance. किसी पदार्थ या वस्तु का नाम।

📌 Example:

• Gold, Water, Rice, Iron
• Gold is a precious metal.

🔹 Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम):

• Proper noun always starts with capital letter.
• 👉 Ram, India, Ganga
• Nouns can be singular or plural.
• 👉 Boy – Boys, Book – Books
• Some nouns are uncountable.
• 👉 Water, Sugar, Rice, Information
• Some nouns are both countable and uncountable (meaning changes).
• 👉 Experience (अनुभव/अनुभवों की संख्या)

🔹 Practice Sentences (प्रैक्टिस वाक्य):

• Sita is a good girl.
• (Sita – Proper, girl – Common)
• The class is noisy today.
• (Class – Collective)
• Honesty is a great virtue.
• (Honesty – Abstract)
• We need iron to make tools.
• (Iron – Material)

🔹 Common Confusions (आम भ्रम):

Wrong Understanding	Correct Concept
Wrong Understanding	Correct Concept
Love is a person	❌ (Love is an Abstract Noun)
Milk is countable	❌ (Milk is Uncountable)
Soldiers is a collective noun	❌ (It’s Common Noun; "Army" is Collective)

🔹 Quiz / Exercise (अभ्यास):

• 🔸 Identify the type of noun in the following:
1. Neha is my friend.
2. Honesty is admirable.
3. The jury gave the decision.
4. Water is life.
5. Boy is playing.
• ✍️ Answers:
1. Neha – Proper, friend – Common
2. Honesty – Abstract
3. Jury – Collective
4. Water – Material
5. Boy – Common

Next Parts of Speech (शब्दों के प्रकार) 📘 Chapter 2: Pronoun (सर्वनाम) Complete Notes⇒